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Delhi is currently experiencing an intense heatwave, with temperatures exceeding 47 degrees Celsius. The India Meteorological Department (IMD) has issued a ‘red alert’ for the next five days. The capital has been enduring a relentless rise in temperatures, with Sunday reaching this summer’s highest temperature at 44.4 degrees Celsius. Saturday saw temperatures at 43.6 degrees Celsius, a notable increase from Friday’s 42.5 degrees Celsius.

A red alert from the IMD signifies extremely dangerous weather conditions, with temperatures expected to reach critically high levels, posing a significant risk to public health and safety.

As temperatures soar to 45-47 degrees Celsius, the number of patients presenting with heat-related illnesses has significantly increased. Dr. Pankaj Chaudhary, Senior Consultant of Internal Medicine, Max Hospital, Vaishali, observes, “I see 8-10 patients daily in the hospital and clinic.”  The extreme heat has profound effects on our bodies, necessitating precautionary measures to ensure safety.

Dr. Mohan Kumar Singh, Senior Consultant of Internal Medicine, Marengo Asia Hospital, Gurugram, highlights the increasing frequency of heatwaves in the Delhi-NCR region. “Heat exhaustion, heatstroke, and dehydration can all result from exposure to extreme temperatures and heatwaves,” he explains.

Sweating depletes the body of fluids and electrolytes, leading to dehydration and imbalance in vital minerals. This can hinder the body’s ability to regulate temperature, resulting in symptoms like headaches, nausea, weakness, and dizziness. If untreated, it can progress to heat exhaustion or potentially fatal heatstroke.

The Impact of Extreme Heat on the Body

Dr Chaudhary shares the negative impact on multiple organs

1. Heart StrainHigh temperatures force the heart to work harder to maintain blood flow to the skin, aiding in heat dissipation.
2. DehydrationExcessive sweating leads to rapid dehydration, electrolyte imbalances, and potential kidney strain.
3. Cognitive FunctionHeat can impair cognitive function, affecting memory and judgment. Severe cases may cause dangerous brain inflammation.
4. Mental HealthHigher temperatures are linked to increased anxiety, depression, and even suicide rates.Physical Effects:
5. Increased Blood FlowThe heart strains as blood flow to the skin increases. For every 0.5°C rise in core temperature, a person’s heartbeat increases by 10 beats per minute, leading to a racing pulse and light-headedness.
6. FatigueThe brain signals muscles to slow down, causing fatigue.
7. Nerve MisfiresSymptoms like headaches, nausea, or vomiting result from nerve cells misfiring.

   Tips to Stay Safe in Extreme Heat

   Dr Singh offers these tips:

8. Stay HydratedDrink plenty of water to prevent dehydration.
9. Avoid Direct Sun ExposureSeek shade or stay indoors during peak heat hours (usually between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m.).
10. Wear Lightweight ClothingOpt for loose-fitting, light-colored clothes to help your body cool down.
11. Use Fans or Air ConditioningKeep your living spaces cool.
12. Limit Physical ActivityAvoid strenuous exercise during extreme heat.
13. Check on Vulnerable IndividualsElderly people, young children, and those with pre-existing health conditions are more susceptible to heat-related illnesses.
14. Never Leave Children or Pets in Hot CarsEven a few minutes in a hot car can be life-threatening.y
    

    Recognize Signs of Heat-Related Illnesses

15. Heat CrampsMuscle cramps, usually in the legs or abdomen.
16. Heat ExhaustionSymptoms include heavy sweating, weakness, dizziness, nausea, and headache.
17. HeatstrokeA medical emergency characterized by high body temperature, confusion, rapid pulse, and unconsciousness.

By taking these precautions and staying informed about the signs and symptoms of heat-related illnesses, you can protect yourself and others during extreme heat events. Staying hydrated, seeking shade, and wearing appropriate clothing are simple yet effective measures to ensure safety and comfort in hot weather.